Both non-violent (+41%) and violent (+32%) hate crimes increased compared with 2019, contributing fairly equally to the overall increase in hate crime in 2020. These proportions were similar to recent years. More than half (57%) of all hate crime incidents reported by police were non-violent in 2020, while the remaining 43% were violent. Non-violent and violent hate crimes up in 2020 While the majority (84%) of police-reported hate crimes in Canada occurred in large urban centres or census metropolitan areas ( CMAs), rates increased the same (+35%) in CMAs and non- CMAs, which include smaller cities, small towns or rural areas. The rate of hate crime was highest in British Columbia (10.1 incidents per 100,000 population), Ontario (7.9 incidents per 100,000 population) and Alberta (6.6 incidents per 100,000 population). The relatively small population counts and number of hate crimes in the territories typically translate to more unstable rates, making year-over-year comparisons less reliable. No increases were reported by Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and the Northwest Territories. The most notable increases in police-reported hate crime rates among the provinces were recorded in Nova Scotia (+70% +23 incidents), British Columbia (+60% +198 incidents), Saskatchewan (+60% +20 incidents), Alberta (+39% +84 incidents), and Ontario (+35% +316 incidents). When population size is accounted for, the rate of police-reported hate crime in Canada from 2019 to 2020 rose 35% to 7.0 incidents per 100,000 population. Most provinces and two territories report increases in hate crimes Approximately one in five (22%) of these incidents were reported to the police. Specifically, according to the 2019 General Social Survey ( GSS) on Canadians' Safety (Victimization), Canadians were the victims of over 223,000 criminal incidents that they perceived as being motivated by hate in the 12 months that preceded the survey (3% of self-reported incidents). Self-reported data show that the majority of criminal incidents perceived to be motivated by hate are not reported to police. While the number of hate crimes rose sharply in 2020, this may still represent an underestimation. Furthermore, people designated as visible minorities and Indigenous peoples considered their neighbourhoods to be less safe during the pandemic.Īs with other crimes, self-reported data provide further insight into hate-motivated crimes as a complement to police-reported data. This difference was most pronounced among Chinese (30%), Korean (27%), and Southeast Asian (19%) participants. According to a crowdsourcing initiative conducted early in the pandemic, respondents belonging to visible minority groups were three times more likely to have perceived an increase in race-based harassment or attacks compared with the rest of the population (18% vs. 6%). The pandemic further exposed and exacerbated issues related to community safety and discrimination in Canada, including hate crime. Today, Statistics Canada released a detailed analysis in the Juristat article " Police-reported hate crime in Canada, 2020" and the accompanying infographic " Infographic: Police-reported hate crime in Canada, 2020." In 2020, police-reported hate crimes targeting race or ethnicity almost doubled (+80%) compared with a year earlier, accounting for the vast majority of the national increase in hate crimes. This marks the largest number of police-reported hate crimes since comparable data became available in 2009. In the first year of the COVID -19 pandemic, police reported 2,669 hate crimes in Canada, up 37% from 2019.
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